What is Enzymes

Enzymes are biological molecules—usually proteins—that act as catalysts in living organisms. This means they speed up chemical reactions without being consumed or permanently changed in the process.

Key Features of Enzymes:

Catalytic Role: They increase the rate of biochemical reactions, often by a factor of millions.

Specificity: Each enzyme typically works on a specific substrate (the molecule it acts on) and catalyzes a specific reaction.

Reusability: Enzymes are not used up in the reactions they catalyze, so they can be used repeatedly.

Optimal Conditions: They function best under specific conditions (temperature, pH, etc.).

Active Site: The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction occurs.

Example:

Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that helps break down starch into sugar.

Lactase breaks down lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose.

Importance in Biology:

Digestion

DNA replication and repair

Cellular respiration

Muscle contraction

Detoxification

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